Basic Grammatical Structures[]
This section primarily covers all the parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs. It will also describe how to integrate the various parts of speech into a coherent sentence by using particles. By the end of this section, you should have an understanding of how basic sentences are constructed.
Expressing state-of-being[]
Declaring something is so and so using rü 르[]
Vocabulary
- oro; 人; person
- hoksang; 学生; student
- ongki; 健기; healthy
There is no verb for the state-of-being like the verb "to be" in English. You can, however, declare what something is by attaching rü 르 to a noun or adjective only. (We will learn about adjectives in the section on adjectives later.)
Examples
- 人르。
oro rü
Is person. - 学生르。
hoksang rü
Is student. - 健기르。
ongki rü
Is healthy.
Conjugating to the negative state-of-being[]
Vocabulary
- eke; 友; friend
In Rangyan, negative, past and future tenses are all expressed by conjugation. We can conjugate rü 르 to either its negative, past or future tense to say A is not B; A was B; or A will be B. This may be a bit hard to grasp at first but all these state-of-being conjugations are regular.
First, for the negative, embed -om- in rü to yield r-om-ü > romü 로므.
Example
- 学生르。 > 学生로므。
hoksang rü > hoksang romü
Is student > Is not student. - 友르。 > 友로므。
eke rü > eke romü
Is friend > Is not friend. - 健기르。 > 健기로므。
ongki rü > ongki romü
Is healthy > Is not healthy.
Conjugating to the past state-of-being[]
We will now learn the past tense of the state-of-being. To say something was something, attach ruwei 루웨 (from rü with ü replaced by uwei) to the noun or adjective.
Example
- 学生르。 > 学生루웨。
hoksang rü > hoksang ruwei
Is student > Was student. - 友르。 > 友루웨。
eke rü > eke ruwei
Is friend > Was friend. - 健기르。 > 健기루웨。
ongki rü > ongki ruwei
Is healthy > Was healthy.
In order to say the negative past (was not), embed -om- in ruwei to yield the negative past tense r-om-uwei > romuwei 로무웨.
Example
- 学生루웨。 > 学生로무웨。
hoksang ruwei > hoksang romuwei
Was student > Was not student. - 友루웨。 > 友로무웨。
eke ruwei > eke romuwei
Was friend > Was not friend. - 健기루웨。 > 健기로무웨。
ongki ruwei > ongki romuwei
Was healthy > Was not healthy.
Conjugation summary[]
We've now learned how to express state-of-being in all six different situations. Next we will learn some particles, which will allow us assign roles to words. Here is a summary chart of the conjugations we learned in this section.
